The prevalence of periodontal disease poses a significant global health burden. Treatments for these diseases, primarily focused on removal and eradication of dental plaque biofilms, are challenging due to limited access to periodontal pockets where these oral pathogens reside. Herein, we report on the development and characterization of nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) derivatives and evaluate their in vitro bactericidal efficacy against planktonic Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, two prominent periodontopathogens. Bactericidal exposure assays revealed that three of the synthesized NO‐releasing polymers were capable of reducing bacterial viability of both species by 99.9% in 2 hr at concentrations of 4 mg ml⁻¹ or lower, reflecting NO's potent and rapid bactericidal action. The NO‐releasing CMCs elicited minimal toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts at their bactericidal concentrations following 24‐hr exposure.